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Thousands of corpses of ordinary Muscovites killed at the White House and Ostankino were secretly burned in crematoria for several days
The authorities prefer not to mention the massacre of October 3-4, 1993 in Moscow. But they cannot be erased from human memory. Therefore, we have been told for 20 years that in those days, they say, the Democrats, led by President Boris Yeltsin, heroically fought for freedom and the Constitution guaranteeing it. And they won a final victory over the opponents of market reforms: Vice President Alexander RUTSKY and Chairman of the Supreme Council Ruslan Khasbulatov, who allegedly wanted to take power from the president and rule the country.As for the victims, they were fascists, communist fanatics, militants and outcasts, and only 160 people were killed. In August 1993, Yeltsin and Khasbulatov became sworn enemies due to predatory reforms, and the president warned the people through the media: “We are now conducting artillery preparation. The decisive battle will take place in October.
Two years of Yeltsin's reforms, which began in August 1991, lowered all workers to the bottom of social life and elevated to a pedestal those people who were known as "shadow workers", speculators and swindlers. In that first parliament they did not run. They did not see the point in breaking away from the opportunities that had opened up for legal robbery at the talking shop. Therefore, the parliament of 1991 consisted not of one party nomenklatura, but mainly of people of hired labor, who were put forward in hot battles by labor collectives. In a word, it turned out to be the only one since 1917 and to this day truly democratic - elected by the population without "carousels" and juggling.Most people sincerely believed that the democratically elected president and parliament that toppled the Communist trepach Mikhail Gorbachev will change lives for the better. But it happened differently.
Those born in the early 90s cannot even imagine what an avalanche of troubles fell on the heads of their parents and grandparents.
On January 1, 1992, Yegor Gaidar's "shock therapy" broke out : the introduction of a 28 percent value-added tax and price liberalization. In a matter of days, the population became impoverished: savings turned into dust, salaries, pensions and benefits depreciated. There was no work: factories and collective farms either stopped or could not pay their workers. The time of barter and criminal business has begun. Russia has turned into a country of godfathers and brothers - all the cemeteries are littered with the graves of unemployed youth who have joined their ranks. Already in the spring, the very concept of creative labor has sunk into oblivion, along with the constitutional right to its guaranteed payment.
And then, when half the country, straining, shuttled, dragging back and forth everything that they hoped to resell and carve out at least some pennies for the family, the officers shot because they had nothing to feed their children, and hard workers and pensioners waited for months for a salary , started voucher privatization according to Chubais . The robbed population was given pieces of paper with the right to a share in the ownership of state-owned enterprises. And almost immediately, rogues like Roman Abramovich and figureheads from the bureaucracy and crime rushed to buy them for nothing. People sold "candy wrappers" because they were afraid to be left with nothing at all.
Life got even harder. Kindergartens disappeared, turning into offices. Villages were deserted, cattle went to slaughter, fertile fields were empty. Russia had never seen such a number of homeless, hungry children even during the war. Many spent the night in the sewers and were addicted to drugs. Prostitution flourished, including for children.
Academician Tatyana Zaslavskaya , a big supporter of reforms, who at that time was part of the administration of President Yeltsin, admitted a decade and a half later that in just three years of shock therapy in Russia, 12 million middle-aged men alone died! But that autumn, it was rushing from the TV screens: we were finally given freedom, and the Russian people, accustomed to Soviet slavery, are not able to use it. Everyday cynical mockery got the population so fed up that a significant part of it could really rebel - just bring a match.
All two years, the parliament tried to resist the avalanche of predatory liberal reforms aimed at one thing - the legalization of "stuck" during privatization. The Constitution prevented crooks. The nascent oligarchy had to urgently change the basic law of Russia, which declared the land and mineral resources not the property of "effective owners", but of the whole people and gave considerable rights to the authorities elected by them. Especially the Supreme Council.
One of the first to publicly oppose, first, pro-Western liberal reforms, and then personally to Yeltsin, was his former ally, the head of the Supreme Soviet, Ruslan Khasbulatov .
A mockery of history, but former supporters of Yeltsin concentrated around Khasbulatov, many of whom supported him during the putsch on August 21, 1991. They realized that under the guise of "democracy and reforms" Boris Nikolaevich was organizing the genocide of his own people , transferring the country under the control of Western creditors and advisers IMF.
From the end of August, at the House of Soviets - and I myself saw it - the employees of the research institute, workers, former collective farmers, teachers, doctors, retired officers, representatives of small and medium-sized businesses, students and pensioners , deceived in their hopes, were on duty in shifts. Many specially came to Moscow from different parts of humiliated and impoverished Russia. How many of them were killed on October 3-4, 1993 - we will not know for sure.
One thing is clear: the so-called shooting of the "White House" is a demonstrative public execution, a cold-blooded act of intimidation of all those who naively believed that the people had at least some significance for this government.
14.00 Ten-thousand rally on October Square. Supporters of the parliament headed towards the Crimean bridge. In front of the bridge, a certain group of young people, walking with a column, pulled out cobblestones from their bags and began to throw them at the policemen from the cordon. Those in response launched "Bird cherry" and batons.
At 15:00, the Ministry of Internal Affairs received an order to open fire to kill. 26 civilians and two policemen were killed. But the giant column broke through the barrier and crossed the bridge. Rejoicing, people threw "trophy" police shields and batons into the river and rejoiced that frightened police scurried ahead of the column. The demonstrators did not suspect that they were being escorted into a trap. Before the cordon at the House of Soviets, the police suddenly disappeared, and the demonstrators almost without any problems ended up at the "White House".
15.45 Yeltsin's units began firing from the city hall - the former building of the CMEA. They were joined from the rooftops of the Mir and Ukraine hotels by snipers from the Israeli Jericho Special Forces and fighters from Beitar, a youth sports paramilitary organization in civilian clothes. Aimed at passers-by, women and children. Later, the Beitarovites went out into the street and shot the defenders of the parliament under the cover of an armored personnel carrier of the division named after. Dzerzhinsky.
After sniper shots from rooftops in the back by an unarmed soldier of the Sofrino Brigade of Internal Troops, which, consisting of 350 people, arrived to help the police, almost all of its fighters went over to the side of the parliament on the orders of the commander. There are still disputes: was it Colonel Vasilyev 's answer to the loss of two of his subordinates who fell under “friendly fire”, or a trick that allowed the Sofrins to join the ranks of the rebels as “their own”, and then act according to the situation and complete the task - provoke a massacre and destroy the demonstrators. One way or another, but in the "White House" the Sofrinsky defectors were believed.
Yeltsin signed Decree No. 1575 and freed the army from criminal responsibility. 16.05 Rutskoi called on the people to storm the mayor's office and Ostankino. Five floors of City Hall were taken in a matter of minutes without a single shot being fired. Surrendered seven servicemen of the Dzerzhinsky division, a major of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and several guards. Everyone was released. Supporters of the Armed Forces became convinced that the army and police, following the example of the Sofrins, would not shoot at the people.
According to the installation of Mikhail Poltoranin , to whom all the media obeyed, Yeltsin's opponents were not given the floor on radio and television. His order read: “... besides freedom of speech, there are more important things. I ask you to accept very calmly the events that will take place on October 4, 1993.”
16.30 Rutskoi, not listening to the protests of the deputies, forms columns at Ostankino. It is still unknown how empty trucks with keys in the ignition got in the way of the supporters of the parliament.
17.00 At the television center, a rally began for the provision of air. Moreover, the police guarding the television center opened the gates to trucks with people. There were already submachine gunners in its halls. For two hours they held the rebels at gunpoint, none of the leaders of the channels came out to the strikers.
19.00 The protesters went to another TV building. And then they started shooting at people who were in the gap between the two buildings from machine guns. All these years we were told that the fire was opened after the murder of the video engineer by the protesters, but it has been proven that they did not have the weapon from which the bullet was fired.
According to official figures, 46 people died here. According to independent investigations, over 500. In the pauses between the fire, the living were seized and taken away somewhere - journalists to Matrosskaya Tishina. The wounded were killed. An unarmed boy in Cossack clothes was previously shot through the arms and legs.
00.10 In support of several thousand supporters of Yeltsin, at the call of Yegor Gaidar , who gathered at the Moscow City Council, actress Lilya Akhedzhakova literally screamed on Central Television : “…the damned Constitution… Where does this army come from? Why doesn't it protect us from this accursed Constitution?... My friends! Wake up! Don't sleep! Our unfortunate Motherland is in danger! We are in danger of terrible things. The communists will come again!” And Grigory Yavlinsky on the RTR channel demanded: "I call on all the forces that have not lost their conscience and whose minds have not been clouded to join the security forces, the forces of order, the forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and defend the future. "
04.30 The movement of troops, equipment and police forces to the House of Soviets began. In an hour, the troops of the Taman division, the 119th parachute regiment, the Kantemirovskaya division, the Dzerzhinsky division, the Smolensk OMON, and the Tula division of the Airborne Forces were pulled together.
06.50 The first shots were fired near the House of Soviets, as supporters of the parliament began to throw Molotov cocktails at the approaching APCs. One car caught fire, volunteers dismounted from it - Afghan veterans who spoke on the side of Yeltsin. They tried to take cover behind the trees. But then the Tamans saw armed men in civilian clothes, mistook them for the defenders of the "White House" and opened fire. The commanders of the crews of four armored personnel carriers of the internal troops, marching towards the square from the other side, considered that they were shooting at the opposition armored personnel carriers. And they started firing indiscriminately.The Tamans decided that they were going to help the rebels and opened fire on them. As a result of this exchange of fire, the driver of the "Afghan" truck, the commander and private of two armored personnel carriers were killed, many were wounded. Following the confusion, the Dzerzhinsk and paratroopers of the 119th regiment entered into battle with each other. Two died several were hurt. After another three hours, the Tamanians met with fire two armored personnel carriers of the internal troops division. The total result - nine corpses, dozens of wounded, six burnt armored personnel carriers.
10.00 Tanks of the Taman division began shelling the "White House". According to the official data of the Ministry of Defense, 12 tank shells were used during its assault: 10 high-explosive fragmentation and 2 sub-caliber shells. Rutskoi ordered that no return fire be fired, hoping to bring the elderly, women and children out of the burning building. But his numerous requests were ignored. Snipers fired from the roofs of residential buildings, the Mir and Ukraine hotels - both at the defenders of the House of Soviets, in which the troops were "cleansing", and at the military in order to infuriate them. Snipers also fired at the windows of nearby residential buildings - so that the residents would not stare and there would be fewer witnesses.
At the time of the attack, there were about 10,000 people in the White House, including women and children. According to the Memorial organization, some of the corpses killed in the database were destroyed in crematoria without paperwork, some were secretly buried at one of the military training grounds in the Moscow region. People who made their way through the yards to the House of Soviets or from it were killed by riot police and raped in the entrances. 60 people fell into one of these traps in Glubokoye lane. As the legendary weightlifter Yuri Vlasov established, everyone was killed after being tortured, women were stripped naked and raped before being shot.
14.30 The first surrendered people left the House of Soviets.
16.45 Mass exit of hundreds of people began from the House of Soviets. They walked between the two rows of soldiers, holding their hands behind their heads. They were herded into buses and taken away to be sorted at the Krasnaya Presnya stadium. A temporary concentration camp was set up here for 600 people selected from the surrendered defenders of the House of Soviets. From the evening of October 4, people were shot all night long. From time to time someone was released. At about five in the morning the Cossacks were shot. According to Anatoly Baronenko, a deputy from the Chelyabinsk region, about 300 people were killed at the stadium, including schoolchildren and female doctors, who became hysterical from what they saw.
5:30 pm Rutskoi, Khasbulatov and Makashov asked the Western European ambassadors accredited in Russia to give them security guarantees. Half an hour later, all three were arrested.
19.10 Fire trucks drove up to the burning House of Soviets. The smell of burning and charred bodies the wind drove around Moscow all night. The cleaning of the floors of the "White House" continued. Looting and mockery of corpses began in it and on the streets. Shots in the center of the capital sounded all night.
The next morning, the center of Moscow was rumored: a 75-year-old pensioner, a war veteran who lived not far from the Krasnopresnensky stadium, saved eight guys: risking her life, she carried the wounded on herself and dragged her to her apartment. That same morning, Izvestia published a letter from a group of writers, including Yuri Nagibin , Daniil Granin , and Bulat Okudzhava . In it, the authors thanked the army and the police and called the defenders of the "White House" fascists and murderers.
Okudzhava admitted: “For me, this (the shooting of the House of Soviets. - EK ) was the final of the detective story. I enjoyed it. I could not stand these people, and even in this situation, I had absolutely no pity for them. Under the songs of such jubilant Judas, Yeltsin cleaned up the traces of the crime.
Starting from October 5, in the crematoria of the Nikolo-Arkhangelsky and Khovansky cemeteries, “corpses in bags” were burned for three nights in a row. In the first, the remains of 200 unidentified people were cremated, in the second - 300. On October 9, 201 unidentified corpses were taken from the morgue of the Sklifosovsky Institute in an unknown direction.
So what did the Yeltsin rebellion cost? According to official figures, 146 people died in two days. But there is a document that reflects them. The official certificate for 1993, signed by the Deputy Prosecutor of Moscow and the Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs, mentions more than 2,200 unidentified corpses cremated in 1993 in the city of Moscow. For comparison, in the whole of 1992, only about 180 unidentified corpses were found in the capital, and in 1994 - 110.
It turns out that over two thousand Muscovites were shot in the city center in a couple of days. But not a single person from the Yeltsin gang has yet appeared before the court.
We disagreed with Yeltsin not on the Constitution, but on economic policy. Half-witted Harvard specialists arrived and imposed on Yeltsin the so-called criterion of the Washington Consensus - those same liberal reforms. I was against it. Because I am a professional economist and I have known for a long time that this consensus has already failed once. Are you crazy, I say? I then spoke with Camdessus, the president of the IMF. So, you know what he told me? "You'll regret it!" So he said. It's been 20 years! The United Nations set up a commission led by Nobel laureate Stiglis. He wrote a report whose main conclusion was: "The Washington Consensus doomed the world ... to a crisis."world sensation! And not a single one, sorry, we don't talk about this and don't remember that I criticized this concept as soon as it was offered to us!
Ruslan Khasbulatov, Chairman of the RF Armed Forces
In October 1993, the Rostov OMON arrived in Moscow. I ask: "Why are you following a criminal order?" They answer: “Two mu...a are fighting for power. One is Russian, the other is Chechen. So we better support the Russian.” They supported not the law, but the Russian Boris. If instead of Khasbulatov there was a Russian, perhaps everything would have turned out differently.
Andrey DUNAEV, Minister of Internal Affairs
After interrogating a thousand military personnel, we received the following evidence: no peace negotiations were conducted between the events of October 3 and 4 - the order was given to storm immediately ... In the pause between what happened on October 3 and what happened on October 4, no one warned people remaining in the "White House", about the beginning of the shelling and assault. following, the events of October 4 must be qualified as a crime committed on the basis of revenge in a way that is dangerous to the lives of many, from base motives.
Alexey KAZANNIK, Prosecutor General
They hit the meeting room with direct fire, and they hit with high-explosive shells, and not with blanks, as they say today. From blanks the building will not burn. There were rivers of blood, guts on the walls, severed heads. I saw it all.
Alexander RUTSKOY, Vice President
When I ran through the building with some task, I was horrified by the amount of blood, corpses, torn bodies. Severed hands, heads. A shell hits: part of the person here, part there ... When it was already dawn, they began to slowly descend into the street. When I opened the door, I almost passed out. The whole yard was littered with corpses, not very often, like in a checkerboard pattern. The corpses are all in some unusual positions: some are sitting, some are on their sides, some have their arms raised, some have legs, and all are blue and yellow. I think what is unusual in this picture? And they are all naked, all naked.
Vyacheslav KOTELNIKOV, MP
Leonid PROSHKIN was the head of the investigation team on the criminal cases initiated by the Prosecutor General's Office - the seizure of the Moscow mayor's office and the attempted seizure of the Ostankino television center. He remained silent for 20 years and did not give a single interview about the results of the investigation, many of which are still classified as secret. Express Gazeta turned out to be the first and so far the only publication that managed to get sensational details from Proshkin.
“It must be borne in mind that 126 killed and 384 wounded from the official list are entirely on the conscience of supporters of the then President Boris Yeltsin ,” Proshkin sighs heavily. - The investigation proved that not a single person was killed from the weapons of the defenders of the White House.
Well, I'm talking about the same. But I have no proof. As well as the fact that among the snipers there were fighters from the Israeli Beitar. They also talked about "white tights" - snipers who appeared in Chechnya. But we were not allowed to do so.
The operation to protect Ostankino from the "rebels" was led by police general Pavel Golubets . But he was just a deputy in personnel and in hostilities - a complete stump! .. When one of Makashov's guards was hooked by a shot from the television center , a powerful explosion was immediately heard at the breach in the place of the ASK-3 doors. Shrapnel wounded those standing nearby. At the same time, an explosion also occurred on the first floor of the building. He was mistaken for a shot from an RPG-7V1 grenade launcher, which the attackers had. Yeltsin wrote in his book that it was after this fatal shot from a grenade launcher that the defenders of Ostankino were forced to open fire on the attackers.
And there was no shot from a grenade launcher! We proved this by conducting an experiment at the training ground of the division. Dzerzhinsky with the participation of specialists from the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The RPG-7V1 grenade launcher has a huge burning power and breaks through a half-meter concrete wall, and there were no such destructions in the ASK-3 building. What happened next is simply unimaginable. People were hit with heavy fire. The Makashovites immediately retreated, leaving random people - from those who joined the crowd: people dropped off by provocateurs from public transport, journalists. There are shots: an armored personnel carrier drives in a circle and shoots.
- The investigation team was provided with an estimate of damage in the amount of more than 367 million rubles! They robbed the troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Ministry of Defense. They turned everything upside down, took everything clean - dishes, paintings, office equipment, televisions.
The same picture was in the building of the mayor's office, the former CMEA, where many commercial structures were located. The building was controlled by the Leningrad OMON. When his fighters left, the investigators entered the building and saw that all the offices had been opened. There are traces of riot police boots on the wooden doors, the safes have been broken into. But most importantly, they stole almost a thousand barrels of weapons. For all these facts, we initiated criminal cases. Yeltsin did not like the results. The whole case was closed. Nobody took responsibility.
Vice President of the Association of Political Experts and Consultants, Executive Secretary of the Izborsk Club Alexander NAGORNY was one of the last to leave the White House. Later, he repeatedly tried to analyze the events of those days and always came to the conclusion that there was nothing accidental then. Each step of both the attackers and the defenders of the parliament was directed from the same offices.
- The militants of the “Russian National Unity”, led by Barkashov , appeared in the “White House” on the fifth day of the siege. And almost everyone left at one in the morning on Monday, October 4, - recalls Alexander Nagorny . “At first they didn't want to let them inside the building. And they wouldn't let them in if it weren't for General Philip Bobkov , who had a huge influence on the leaders of the “putsch”, the former first deputy chairman of the KGB of the USSR, and at that time the head of the analytical department of the holding JSC “MOST Group”, a subordinate of Vladimir Gusinsky . On July 20, he settled in a special room on the fifth floor in the database.And he disappeared from there on October 4, when the events unfolded according to the desired scenario and they no longer needed to be corrected.
Barkashov and his "swastika knights" were needed in the "White House" to persuade Bill Clinton . He twice in a conversation with Moscow demanded that they not start an assault, otherwise there would be no support. And then they put a photo of people with a swastika on the table: oh, you don't allow shooting at the house on Presnya ?! Then these people will come to power and pogroms will begin!
At half past five on Monday morning, Valery Krasnov escaped from the database
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