NIKITA KHRUSHCHEV PROPOSED TO ORGANIZE PUBLIC EXECUTIONS ON RED SQUARE
On March 5, 1953, IV died. Stalin, who is considered by many to be responsible for the mass repressions in the USSR. Of course, as head of the country, Stalin was responsible for everything that happened in it during the years of his stay in power. However, historical truth also requires an objective assessment of the activities of his closest associates. It was these people who, on their own initiative, proposed plans to eliminate objectionable party, military and economic personnel, often simply setting personal scores. One of them - Nikita Khrushchev - is an active and active initiator of mass repressions in the Soviet Union. "VPK" publishes the latest historical research on this topic.
I outlived many rulers - from Stalin to Gorbachev.
On the conscience of Nikita Khrushchev - the lives of thousands and thousands of innocent dead Soviet citizens, liquidated on his personal initiative.
While working at the KGB, I learned about them a lot of things that were carefully hidden from us: the story was camouflaged in every possible way, cleaned up. Head of the Central Archive Colonel VI Detinin told me, for example, things about Khrushchev that completely changed the idea of him. He recalled how the destruction of all investigative files and other documents that compromised NS Khrushchev as one of the organizers of mass illegal repressions (I myself studied a lot of archival documents).
In the second half of 1956, the KGB leadership received a command from the Central Committee of the CPSU to submit to the Bureau of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the CPSU all investigative cases against persons whose arrest was sanctioned at various times by members of the Politburo, and later by the Presidium of the Central Committee.
Such cases were selected, including those arrested at the direction of Khrushchev.
They got the most. Everything was ready for loading, when the head of the accounting and archival department, pointing to the foot that stood out, asked: “Whose sanctions are these?”. They answered him: "Khrushchev."
The chief was almost taken back. And he ordered immediately to remove all these cases and exclude access to them. Information about this was brought to the Central Committee apparatus.
After some time, a command came from there: to destroy the case. The old-timers claimed that when the Politburo collegially decided on arrests, they were formalized as resolutions of the Central Committee of the CPSU, SNK, decisions of the Politburo. However, the investigating authorities were forbidden to refer to these documents, so a false picture was created that the initiators of the arrests were supposedly state security agencies or the prosecutor's office. There were a lot of fake cases where Khrushchev's name was exposed, in 1956, not all of them were selected, so their search and seizure of individual documents took more than one year. Yes, NS Khrushchev had something to hide.
IN MOSCOW
Since 1931, Khrushchev has been at party work in Moscow as the first secretary of the district committee of the CPSU(b). In this post, in the very first years, he distinguished himself by the fact that he carried out a mass expulsion from the party of party and state workers. And after the murder in 1934 in Leningrad, SM Kirov showed extraordinary activity in this. His campaign of repression is due to the fact that he had previously aligned himself with the Trotskyists, and now, trying to rehabilitate himself in the eyes of Stalin, he began to destroy both the “rights”, and the “lefts”, and everyone else.
In 1935, LM Kaganovich recommends him to Stalin for promotion.
Here is what Kaganovich reported in 1960:
“Chuev's remark: They won't thank you for Khrushchev!
Kaganovich: Right, right. I pushed him. I thought he was capable. But he was a Trotskyist. And I reported to Stalin that he was a Trotskyist. Stalin asks: "And now how?". I say: “He is fighting the Trotskyists. Fights actively. He fights sincerely." Stalin then: "You will speak at the conference on behalf of the Central Committee, that the Central Committee trusts him." And so it was."
Becoming in 1935 the first secretary of the Moscow city and regional party organizations, he made the most of his new opportunities. The party, Soviet and military workers liquidated on his initiative, together with Kaganovich, Yezhov and the head of the Moscow Department of the NKVD Uspensky, their wives sent to dungeons, and their children to special boarding schools, cannot be counted. According to the historian Roy Medvedev, during 1937, out of 136 secretaries of district party committees in Moscow and the region, seven remained in their posts, all the rest disappeared.
Khrushchev controls the course of the arrests and demands that the numbers be impressive. According to the testimony of old-timers of the Moscow Department of the NKVD, in 1937 he called daily and asked how the arrests were going.
“Moscow is the capital,” Nikita Sergeevich reminded. “It is not for her to lag behind Kaluga or Ryazan.”
Khrushchev warmly approved of the mass repressions that engulfed the Central Committee, the government, the People's Commissariat of Defense, the people's commissariats of industry and agriculture, and many other departments. Then, out of 139 members and candidate members of the CPSU, 98 died as a result of repressions, and 1,108 out of 1,966 delegates to the 17th Congress.
“A rally on Red Square in June 1937 condemning the “workers of the capital of military conspirators,” recalled retired colonel AK Malyshev - was organized by Khrushchev as a theatrical performance. One after another, "representatives" of all sections of the population of Moscow spoke: the military, scientists, writers, artists and cultural figures, workers, etc. All of them are angrily branded the conspirators. Khrushchev set the tone. I, a cadet of the Higher School of the NKVD, then served at the Mausoleum. I did not believe in the guilt of the "conspirators". But talking about it then was tantamount to signing a death warrant for yourself.”
Here is a fragment from a speech at the Eighth All-Union Congress of Soviets: "The punishing hand of the proletarian law defeated this gang and, with the general approval of all the working people of our country, wiped this evil spirits from the earth ."
At that time, Khrushchev was proud of his interaction with Yezhov. Together, in Yezhov's terminology, they dealt a blow to the cadres.
Khrushchev initiated the closure of churches and repressions against their ministers, which, by the way, did not find support even from Stalin.
1935 Khrushchev arrives in Sochi, where Stalin was resting. He reports: "I ordered the closure of 79 active churches in Moscow and the Moscow region, and we will bring the most active clergy to justice." Stalin: “You, Khrushchev, are an anarchist! Old Man Makhno would love you like his own son. You can't touch the churchmen, look how distinguished our “proletarian poet Demyan Bedny. Who allowed him to mock the Holy Scriptures? His book "The Bible for Believers and Unbelievers" must be withdrawn from circulation as a matter of urgency.
Khrushchev, cautiously: "There are 51 clergymen under investigation in the Moscow City Court."
Stalin: "Immediately give the order to let everyone out."
1937, summer. In the presence of other members of the Politburo, Khrushchev addresses Stalin: "I propose for the second time to legalize public executions in Red Square."
Stalin: “What will you say if we ask you to take the post of chief executioner of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics? You will be like Malyuta Skuratov under the tsar
Ivan Vasilyevich the Terrible.
"What other question do you have? Stalin asks.
"Vyacheslav Mikhailovich deliberately hinders the development of industry and agriculture." “Where is the concrete evidence?” “I am preparing a detailed memorandum addressed to you.” “We understand you, Comrade Khrushchev, are you ready to immediately grab two briefcases - the executioner and the chairman of the Council of People's Commissars? We will think about which of these posts to give you!”. (This was already an obvious mockery; Stalin did not spare Khrushchev's vanity.)
IN UKRAINE
Having been appointed in January 1938 to the post of first secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks of the republic, Khrushchev agreed with Yezhov on the appointment of Uspensky as People's Commissar of Internal Affairs there.
In 1956, at the direction of NS Khrushchev, documents proving his criminal acts were seized from the archives and destroyed. After that, he could, without fear of anything, fall with demagogic accusations against the "father of peoples" and colleagues in the Politburo.
The joint activities of Yezhov, Khrushchev and Uspensky were described in 1996 by the newspaper Sovershenno sekretno.
“In January 1938, Yezhov recommends Uspensky to the post of People's Commissar of Internal Affairs of Ukraine: In order to support the new people's commissar, as if to help, a group led by Yezhov himself is sent to Kiev to “strike” the cadres of the party, Soviet and economic bodies of the republic.
Ouspensky receives a sanction for the arrest of 36,000 people with instructions to decide their fate off-duty - by a decision of the "troika" at the NKVD (it included People's Commissar of Internal Affairs Uspensky, First Secretary of the Central Committee of the All -Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks Khrushchev, prosecutor of the republic.
Lieutenant-General Pavel Sudoplatov recalls: “As soon as Uspensky arrived in Kiev, he summoned the staff of the apparatus and declared that he would not allow liberalism, softness and long arguments, as in a synagogue. Those who do not want to work with him can apply. Some have done so." (Despite numerous publications and media reports about the sinister role of bodies and their employees in the NKVD of the USSR, compared with other departments, such as the prosecutor's office, there was the highest percentage of people who openly opposed the practice of unjustified mass repressions, as evidenced by the numerous arrests of Chekists in the pre-war years for accusation of complicity with "enemies of the people".)
Retired Colonel AK Malyshev said about that time: “The blame for the repressions was accepted instead of the Malenkovs, Zhdanovs, Khrushchevs: to shift the blame to the organs. There was a vicious circle for the employees of the organs. You won't "fake" things, they'll put you in jail, and then they'll shoot you. You will "lime", they will shoot you later. Nevertheless, they refused to "fake". So it was in Leningrad. As soon as I spoke out at a party meeting against the vicious practice of one of the NKVD employees, who put the falsification of cases on stream, a party meeting was immediately scheduled to discuss the issue of my complicity with "enemies of the people. "It was saved by the fact that the day before the center received an order to stop repressions against ordinary employees.”
The resolution of the Military Council of the Kyiv Military District has been preserved: “The condition of the personnel of the command, commanding and political composition of the district” dated March 25, 1938, adopted with the participation of Khrushchev. Here are excerpts from this document: “The Military Council has made the rooting out of the enemies of the people and the selection of loyal and growing commanders for leadership positions. As a result of the merciless uprooting of the Trotskyist-Bukharinist and nationalist elements, on March 25, 1938, the next renewal of the leadership of the district was carried out.
The scale of the "uprooting and renewal" is evidenced by the table attached to the minutes of the meeting of the Military Council of the district. Like a deadly squall swept through the district, dealing the main blow to the command cadres. According to the table, nine of the nine corps commanders were “updated”, 24 of the 25 division commanders, 87 of the 135 regiment commanders, 6 of the 9 chiefs of staff of the corps, 18 of the 25 chiefs of staff of the divisions, 76 of the 135 chiefs of staff of the regiments, out of 24 heads of departments of the district headquarters - 19. In total, 2922 people were dismissed from parts of the district for political and moral reasons, 1066 of them were arrested. Such are the scale of repression against the commanding staff. Would serve G.K.Zhukov in the KVO, and not in the BVO, would serve his sentence.
The resolution stated that "the cleansing of the ranks of the Red Army from hostile elements and the promotion of cadres from the lower classes ... provide political strength and success in raising the combat power of the Red Army."
It was an obvious invention. The replacement of command posts by persons without military education and experience in teamwork could not raise combat power in any way. Carried out in the post-war period on the initiative of the Military Scientific Directorate of the General Staff "Summary of experience: the deployment of troops of the Western border military districts according to the plan for covering the border of 1941" showed that many " young nominees" of 1937-1939. lost their heads in the difficult situation of the initial period of the war, which led to unjustified casualties among the troops.
But even this was not enough, and "the Military Council sets as the main task - to uproot the remnants of hostile elements to the end" (signatures of Timoshenko and Khrushchev). Khrushchev writes to Stalin: “Dear Joseph Vissarionovich! Ukraine monthly sends 17-18 thousand repressed, and Moscow approves no more than two or three thousand. Please take action. Loving you NS Khrushchev. Khrushchev reports to Stalin: “A large group of ardent nationalists has been exposed in Ukraine. Among those arrested are persons who held responsible government positions. I brought the lists.
Stalin got angry: “Why should we replace you?”
Khrushchev: “In the lists of 6971, many of you are known, and we are afraid to go too far:” - “Nikita Sergeevich, you are free, we are tired of you.”
Khrushchev blocked the way for persons who were related to those unjustifiably arrested, when it was not possible to repress them for their connection with enemies of the people.
Here is a characteristic testimony of Pavel Sudoplatov: “In 1939, one of the commanders, Captain Prokopok, returned from Spain, he was quite suitable for appointment to the post of head of the Ukrainian NKVD department, whose task was to train employees to conduct partisan operations in case of war with Poland or Germany. Hearing about our proposal, Khrushchev immediately called Beria with strong objections.
Khrushchev's objections were caused by the fact that in 1938 Prokopok's brother, a member of the board of the People's Commissariat of Education of Ukraine, was shot as a Polish spy…
After Stalin's death
Khrushchev is striving for sole power. The foundations were laid earlier, when in 1948 Beria, Malenkov and Khrushchev entered into a joint conspiracy to destroy the Leningrad leaders, whom Stalin saw as his successors. The main task of compromising Voznesensky and Kuznetsov before Stalin was then decided by Beria. When organizing the investigation and trial, Beria and Malenkov "lit up". Both interrogated those under investigation in the "Leningrad case", and Malenkov bothered to declare the Leningrad Defense Museum a base for preparing a terrorist attack against Stalin. The museum was destroyed and its director arrested. Khrushchev remained in the shadows.
Now it was the turn to remove the co-dealer in the "Leningrad case" - Beria. He solves this problem successfully together with Malenkov. Today there is every reason to believe that there was no Beria's conspiracy, but Khrushchev's conspiracy. followed, dozens of prominent military and government figures were killed or imprisoned unreasonably. Only on the first call on Khrushchev's list, 50 people were arrested. Ten of them, before the investigation and trial, he suggested that the Prosecutor General of the USSR Rudenko be brought under the “tower”. Eight were shot, one committed suicide, and Sudoplatov survived, receiving 15 years in return for capital punishment.As a result of torture, the defendants slandered themselves, so a conspiracy scenario was created, the author of which was Khrushchev.
This number did not include former MGB Minister VS Abakumov. It's hard to think of anything more ridiculous. Abakumov was arrested by the Decree of the Central Committee of July 11, 1951, based on the results of the work of the Politburo commission consisting of Malenkov, Beria, Shkiryatov and Ignatiev.
In December 1954, at the direction of Khrushchev, Abakumov, as a traitor to the Motherland, a member of a counter-revolutionary organization, a pest and a terrorist, although his guilt was not proven on any point, was sentenced to capital punishment. Here is the statement of the Chief Military Prosecutor - Deputy Prosecutor General of the USSR AF Katusev from 1991: “: The Chief Military Prosecutor's Office studied the materials of the criminal case of Abakumov and others and: established that Abakumov, Lesnov, Likhachev, Komarov , Chernov and Broverman were prosecuted under Articles 58-1 (b), 58-7 , 58-8, 58-11 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR illegally and unreasonably:".Kuznetsov, Popkov, Rodionov, Lazutkin and Solovyov were arrested on August 13, 1949 in Malenkov's office, and Voznesensky was arrested on the basis of the Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU, held on September 12-13, 1949.
The question of the physical destruction of the Leningrad leaders was a foregone conclusion before the end of the trial by the Resolution of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks of September 30, 1950. To this it should be added that at that time the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of May 26, 1947 “On the abolition of the death penalty” was already in force. Here is another conclusion of Katusev:
The accusation of Abakumov that he was nominated by Beria for the post of Minister of State Security of the USSR and was an accomplice of the criminal conspiratorial group of Beria is also refuted by the evidence in the case. This fabrication of Khrushchev actually continues to be replicated to this day! Khrushchev destroys unwanted witnesses.
As a result of his and Timoshenko's "military" deeds, more than 200,000 Soviet soldiers ended up in German captivity (according to the command of the "South" group - 352,000). As a result of their notorious Kharkov "offensive" operation, our troops rolled back to Stalingrad. The operation was twice protested by the General Staff, but Khrushchev and Timoshenko persistently convinced Stalin of its success, and he gave the go-ahead to carry it out. Earlier, in March 1942, the command of the Southwestern Front submitted a report to the Headquarters on the exhaustion of combat capabilities of the German units opposing the front.
I could go on talking about Khrushchev for a long time, but not as a "thaw creator": In what happened today with our country, I think, paradoxically, it was he who laid the first stone.
Boris SYROMYATNIKOV
counterintelligence veteran, retired KGB colonel
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